The hatchery phase remains as one of the production bottlenecks in marine fish aquaculture, mainly due to the poor development, high mortality rates and weakness of fish larvae at hatching. Efforts have been made during the last years to develop and improve microdiets efficiency to replace live feed, both rotifers and Artemia, as complete or partial replacements for the early larval stages of fish. However, there is still a lack of knowledge in nutritional requirements of fish larvae. Despite the importance of trace minerals as essential ingredients in fish diets, little is known on mineral nutrition in marine fish larvae. Common live preys used in commercial hatcheries such as rotifers are much lower in their content incertain minerals than copepods (Hamre et al., 2008) and, in some cases, are even lower than the requirements estimated for juveniles or adults. Among trace elements, the physiological role of iron, manganese, selenium and zinc is well recognized, as components of body fluids, cofactors in enzymatic reactions, and structural units of non-enzymatic macromolecules, etc. Selenium, required for normal growth and physiological function, is an integral part of glutathione peroxidase taking part in the cellular defense against oxidative damage of cytoplasmic structures. Increase in dietary Se reduces the incidence of muscle dystrophy in larval seabass (Betancor et al., 2013) and improves larval survival, stress resistance and bone mineralization (Saleh et al., 2014). Zinc, despite being an important trace element for normal fish growth and skeletal development, has not been extensively studied in larvae. Dietary manganese (Mn) is also required for normal growth and prevention of skeletal abnormalities and activates specific enzymes. Iron (Fe) is important for many metabolic functions such as oxygen transport or neurological development and it has an active part of a large number of proteins and enzymes. At present, no information is available regarding the optimum levels of Fe in first feeding or early weaning diets for marine fish larvae. One of the factors that affect absorption and utilization of trace elements is their chemical form. In view of the importance of icronutrients for fish metabolism and the lack of information on their importance for marine fish larvae, the overall objective of this study was to determine the effect of the inclusion of four minerals essential for metabolism during larval development: Fe, Mn, Se or Zn, considering four types of delivery forms to supplement these trace elements: organic, inorganic, nanometals or encapsulated in order to increase their availability for the larvae and prevent leaching and water loss in the culture medium.

Delivery vectors for minerals at early life stages of marine fish.

TEROVA, GENCIANA;
2014-01-01

Abstract

The hatchery phase remains as one of the production bottlenecks in marine fish aquaculture, mainly due to the poor development, high mortality rates and weakness of fish larvae at hatching. Efforts have been made during the last years to develop and improve microdiets efficiency to replace live feed, both rotifers and Artemia, as complete or partial replacements for the early larval stages of fish. However, there is still a lack of knowledge in nutritional requirements of fish larvae. Despite the importance of trace minerals as essential ingredients in fish diets, little is known on mineral nutrition in marine fish larvae. Common live preys used in commercial hatcheries such as rotifers are much lower in their content incertain minerals than copepods (Hamre et al., 2008) and, in some cases, are even lower than the requirements estimated for juveniles or adults. Among trace elements, the physiological role of iron, manganese, selenium and zinc is well recognized, as components of body fluids, cofactors in enzymatic reactions, and structural units of non-enzymatic macromolecules, etc. Selenium, required for normal growth and physiological function, is an integral part of glutathione peroxidase taking part in the cellular defense against oxidative damage of cytoplasmic structures. Increase in dietary Se reduces the incidence of muscle dystrophy in larval seabass (Betancor et al., 2013) and improves larval survival, stress resistance and bone mineralization (Saleh et al., 2014). Zinc, despite being an important trace element for normal fish growth and skeletal development, has not been extensively studied in larvae. Dietary manganese (Mn) is also required for normal growth and prevention of skeletal abnormalities and activates specific enzymes. Iron (Fe) is important for many metabolic functions such as oxygen transport or neurological development and it has an active part of a large number of proteins and enzymes. At present, no information is available regarding the optimum levels of Fe in first feeding or early weaning diets for marine fish larvae. One of the factors that affect absorption and utilization of trace elements is their chemical form. In view of the importance of icronutrients for fish metabolism and the lack of information on their importance for marine fish larvae, the overall objective of this study was to determine the effect of the inclusion of four minerals essential for metabolism during larval development: Fe, Mn, Se or Zn, considering four types of delivery forms to supplement these trace elements: organic, inorganic, nanometals or encapsulated in order to increase their availability for the larvae and prevent leaching and water loss in the culture medium.
2014
Ghrab, W; Hernández Cruz, Cm; Terova, Genciana; Dias, J; Saleh, R; Hamre, R; Izquierdo, Ms
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11383/1960920
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