Although not a new concept, the idea of cancer stem cell (CSC) has recently moved to the forefront of cancer research. There is still a lack of a widespread consensus on their description and definition, however, and the increasing literature on CSCs has compelled researchers worldwide to rewrite the natural history of cancer including those cells as principal players as well as to revise their views on tumor formation and progression. CSCs are tumor cell components that can initiate a new tumor after an apparent therapeutic eradication. A functional definition of cancer stem cell or cancer initiating cell is that of a cell which, when transplanted in a mouse model, can give rise to a tumor recapitulating the original one or even a phenotypically diverse tumor related to the tumor of origin. Since the characteristic asymmetric division of stem cells is somewhat anomalous, it might be advisable to refer to them as "stemloids". Stemness in cancer is not as much as an identity but rather a status. There is increasing evidence of the importance of the tumor and the host micro-environment in conditioning the stem cell status itself. The cancer stem cell micro-environment may be the key in the development of therapeutic strategies. We must think in terms of targeting "standard" tumor cells, cancer stem cells, and also their niche or micro-environment. Here we discuss some features of cancer stem cells, and the role of the micro-environment, envisaging a choral view of cancer stem cell development and-or latency, towards development of specific therapeutic approaches.
Cancer Stem Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment: Soloists or Choral Singers
NOONAN, DOUGLAS
2011-01-01
Abstract
Although not a new concept, the idea of cancer stem cell (CSC) has recently moved to the forefront of cancer research. There is still a lack of a widespread consensus on their description and definition, however, and the increasing literature on CSCs has compelled researchers worldwide to rewrite the natural history of cancer including those cells as principal players as well as to revise their views on tumor formation and progression. CSCs are tumor cell components that can initiate a new tumor after an apparent therapeutic eradication. A functional definition of cancer stem cell or cancer initiating cell is that of a cell which, when transplanted in a mouse model, can give rise to a tumor recapitulating the original one or even a phenotypically diverse tumor related to the tumor of origin. Since the characteristic asymmetric division of stem cells is somewhat anomalous, it might be advisable to refer to them as "stemloids". Stemness in cancer is not as much as an identity but rather a status. There is increasing evidence of the importance of the tumor and the host micro-environment in conditioning the stem cell status itself. The cancer stem cell micro-environment may be the key in the development of therapeutic strategies. We must think in terms of targeting "standard" tumor cells, cancer stem cells, and also their niche or micro-environment. Here we discuss some features of cancer stem cells, and the role of the micro-environment, envisaging a choral view of cancer stem cell development and-or latency, towards development of specific therapeutic approaches.
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