The formidably complex problem of World War I orphans can be studied from different points of view, ranging from moral, family and social aspects to those of a legal, economic, political or financial nature. In this short essay, only some of these facets are considered. Among the measures taken by the Italian authorities – first by the government as a matter of urgency, and later by the parliament – attention is focused on the role of the judiciary and especially on the giudice delle tutele, or guardianship judge. He performed delicate tasks of voluntary jurisdiction and supervised the actions of the pretori (local magistrates). He also contributed to various administrative activities, as he was a member of the Provincial Committee in charge of providing assistance to war orphans. He acted as a coordinator on several fronts, and in particular, he had to find the right balance between the actions of the State and those of the family. Indeed, he had to ensure – in keeping with the intention of legislators – that the State did not interfere with and replace families, but simply stepped in to support them when necessary.
Il complesso e imponente problema degli orfani della prima guerra mondiale presenta molteplici sfaccettature: morali, familiari, sociali, giuridiche, economiche, politiche e finanziarie. In questo breve saggio si è potuto accennare solo ad alcune di esse e, tra le misure adottate dalle autorità italiane - dapprima, con urgenza, dal governo e più tardi dalle Camere -, si è scelto di soffermare maggiormente l’attenzione sul ruolo affidato alla magistratura e segnatamente alla nuova e interessante figura del giudice delle tutele. Esso esercita delicati compiti di volontaria giurisdizione e vigila sull’operato dei pretori, ma partecipa anche a varie attività di tipo amministrativo, essendo membro del Comitato provinciale per l’assistenza agli orfani di guerra. La sua funzione di coordinamento si svolge su più fronti e, in particolare, a lui spetta di trovare il giusto equilibrio tra la sfera di azione dello Stato e quella della famiglia, in modo che – secondo l’intenzione dei legislatori - la prima non invada e si sostituisca alla seconda, ma si limiti ad integrarla dove lo reputi necessario.
L'emergenza orfani nella grande guerra e la magistratura
Cristina Danusso
2017-01-01
Abstract
The formidably complex problem of World War I orphans can be studied from different points of view, ranging from moral, family and social aspects to those of a legal, economic, political or financial nature. In this short essay, only some of these facets are considered. Among the measures taken by the Italian authorities – first by the government as a matter of urgency, and later by the parliament – attention is focused on the role of the judiciary and especially on the giudice delle tutele, or guardianship judge. He performed delicate tasks of voluntary jurisdiction and supervised the actions of the pretori (local magistrates). He also contributed to various administrative activities, as he was a member of the Provincial Committee in charge of providing assistance to war orphans. He acted as a coordinator on several fronts, and in particular, he had to find the right balance between the actions of the State and those of the family. Indeed, he had to ensure – in keeping with the intention of legislators – that the State did not interfere with and replace families, but simply stepped in to support them when necessary.
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