Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous inflammatory disorder resulting from a complex gene-environment interaction. Although its aetiology remains elusive, numerous studies reported gene expression alterations of factors apparently implicated in all aspects of the inflammatory response. However, most investigations are limited, unconfirmed analyses of a single gene. Moreover, studies concerning multiple gene expression analyses, usually on inflammatory mediators (e.g. cytokines), show contrasting outcomes in part due to use of heterogeneous samples or methodologies with limited power. In this scenario, our goal was to simultaneously evaluate the expression of a panel of selected genes (AQP5, MUC5AC, CAV1, LTF, COX2, PGDS, TNFα, TGFβ1, MGB1) potentially involved in CRS inflammatory mechanisms. While most of the samples collected were excluded from the analysis because of poor quality RNA, we were able to demonstrate statistically significant downregulation of the AQP5, CAV1, LTF, MGB1 genes in a specific subset of polypoid CRS (patients without typical comorbidities), which might suggest relevant underlying epithelial dysfunction. Further studies are needed to enrich our knowledge on the pathogenesis of CRS. Forthcoming approaches might utilise next-generation RNA sequencing and comprehensive bioinformatics analyses to better characterise the transcriptome profiles of CRS endotypes.
La rinosinusite cronica (CRS) è un disturbo infiammatorio eterogeneo risultante da una complessa interazione genetico-ambientale. Sebbene l’eziologia rimanga tuttora sfuggente, numerosi studi riportano alterazioni nell’espressione genica di diversi fattori implicati nell’ambito della risposta infiammatoria. Tuttavia, la gran parte di queste sono analisi isolate, non replicate, che prendono in considerazione un singolo gene alla volta. Inoltre, gli studi riguardanti analisi di espressione genica multipla, solitamente su mediatori infiammatori (es. citochine), spesso presentano risultati contrastanti, che in parte possono essere dovuti all’eterogeneità dei campioni o a metodologie analitiche di potenza limitata. In quest’ottica, il nostro obiettivo è stato di verificare simultaneamente l’espressione genica di un pannello di geni (AQP5, MUC5AC, CAV1, LTF, COX2, PGDS, TNFα, TGFβ1, MGB1) potenzialmente coinvolti nei meccanismi infiammatori della CRS. Nonostante la gran parte dei campioni sia stata esclusa dall’analisi a causa del deterioramento dell’RNA tissutale, siamo stati in grado di dimostrare una riduzione statisticamente significativa dell’espressione dei geni AQP5, CAV1, LTF e MGB1, in uno specifico sottogruppo di pazienti affetti da CRS nella variante con polipi nasali senza le tipiche comorbidità frequentemente associate (asma, allergia, intolleranza all’acido acetil-salicilico). Questi dati sembrano suggerire una disfunzione della barriera epitaliale nella CRS polipoide. Ulteriori studi saranno necessari per incrementare ulteriormente la nostra conoscenza sulla patogenesi della CRS. A tal proposito l’applicazione delle nuove e più potenti tecniche di sequenziamento, come la next-generation RNA sequencing, e la disponibilità di analisi bioinformatiche più complete potranno migliorare la caratterizzazione del transcriptoma negli endotipi della CRS.
Multiple gene expression profiling suggests epithelial dysfunction in polypoid chronic rhinosinusitis
Rossi F.;Gallo S.;Pirrone C.;Preti A.;Gornati R.;Bernardini G.;Castelnuovo P.
2019-01-01
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous inflammatory disorder resulting from a complex gene-environment interaction. Although its aetiology remains elusive, numerous studies reported gene expression alterations of factors apparently implicated in all aspects of the inflammatory response. However, most investigations are limited, unconfirmed analyses of a single gene. Moreover, studies concerning multiple gene expression analyses, usually on inflammatory mediators (e.g. cytokines), show contrasting outcomes in part due to use of heterogeneous samples or methodologies with limited power. In this scenario, our goal was to simultaneously evaluate the expression of a panel of selected genes (AQP5, MUC5AC, CAV1, LTF, COX2, PGDS, TNFα, TGFβ1, MGB1) potentially involved in CRS inflammatory mechanisms. While most of the samples collected were excluded from the analysis because of poor quality RNA, we were able to demonstrate statistically significant downregulation of the AQP5, CAV1, LTF, MGB1 genes in a specific subset of polypoid CRS (patients without typical comorbidities), which might suggest relevant underlying epithelial dysfunction. Further studies are needed to enrich our knowledge on the pathogenesis of CRS. Forthcoming approaches might utilise next-generation RNA sequencing and comprehensive bioinformatics analyses to better characterise the transcriptome profiles of CRS endotypes.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.