Pensare con Socrate. Per una didattica della filosofia con I bambini. Thinking with Socrates.For a didactics of philosophy with children

The research consists in two sections. The first is of a theoretical nature and is dedicated to the issue of philosophy as a common good. The second concerns the organization of philosophy didactic experimentation in primary school, with reference to the philosophical teaching project of the Giovani Pensatori of the Università dell’Insubria. Following is an appendix including a number of philosophical paths with children, achieved within the project of Giovani Pensatori at the Università dell’Insubria in the period 2012 - 2016. The analysis of philosophy as a common good fits in the context of the philosophical heritage of Kantian critical rationalism. Within this approach, the theoretical definition of the common good lies as a historical-critical transcendental idea whose objectivity is assessed within a practical and eschatological point of view. Immanuel Kant's philosophical thinking allowed this reasoning development. However, it is in Giulio Preti's philosophy that this proposition achieves its highest speculative synthesis. If philosophy is a common good, philosophizing as an application of historical-critical reason becomes a universal right of mankind that should be protected starting with primary school. This right is practically exemplified in the section dedicated to philosophy with children within the Giovani Pensatori project. Goals, objectives and methodological-didactic indications of the philosophy with children are developed in this work, recognizing in Socrates and in Socratic dialogue its guiding principle, in order to ensure the exercise of those rational and critical abilities underlying each civilization.