Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) are secondary metabolites produced by living organisms, especially by plants, and released in the ecosystem. They are characterized by having low molecular weight, lyophilic properties and high vapor pressure at ambient conditions. So far, more than 1700 species of different plant VOCs have been isolated and characterized according to their chemical structure. They represent the 1% of the total secondary metabolites known in plants. The larger group of VOCs are terpenoids (mono-, di-, homo-, hemi- and sesquiterpenes), followed by phenylpropanoids, benzenoids, fatty acid derivates (including Green Leaf Volatiles or GLVs), and derivates from branched-amino acid biosynthesis. VOCs are not only released from leaves, but also from non-green tissues as roots, flowers, and fruits in different quantity and quality. While the VOCs emitted from reproductive organs primarily promote plant productivity, those released by leaves serve mainly for defence. The role of VOCs in plant protection has been widely investigated and proved against various stressors, including abiotic (temperature, drought) and biotic (herbivores, pathogens) sources. In fact, the interest in developing sustainable agricultural strategies based on VOCs is rising. However, the knowledge about molecular mechanisms involving VOCs in response to a specific stress is still missing at some extents. In detail, this thesis aims to deeper investigate (1) the role of the hemiterpene isoprene in drought resistance (2) defensive mechanisms, including VOCs emission and proteome rearrangements, triggered by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in Phaseolus vulgaris. By focusing on proteomics coupled with metabolomics and VOCs analysis, this work provides new evidence supporting the importance of VOCs in plant defence and furnish new possible targets for further studies.
I composti organici volatili biogenici, anche chiamati BVOC, sono metaboliti secondari prodotti e rilasciati nell’ecosistema dagli organismi viventi, incluse le piante. Essi posseggono caratteristiche peculiari, tra le quali il basso peso molecolare, la lipofilia e l’elevata pressione di vapore a temperatura ambiente. Ad oggi, 1700 specie di VOC differenti sono state isolate e caratterizzate. Nelle piante, i VOC rappresentano l’1% di tutti i metaboliti secondari conosciuti. Il gruppo più vasto dei VOC comprende i terpenoidi, seguito da fenilpropanoidi e benzenoidi, i derivati di acidi grassi, che includono i cosiddetti “Green Leaf Volatiles”, e i derivati dalla via di biosintesi degli amminoacidi. I VOC sono emessi non solo dalle foglie, ma anche da fiori e frutti in diverse qualità e quantità. Tuttavia, mentre i VOC emessi dai tessuti riproduttivi hanno lo scopo di aumentare produttività e fitness della pianta, quelli emessi da tessiti vegetativi servono principalmente come strategia di difesa. Il coinvolgimento dei VOC nella protezione delle piante è stato ampiamente studiato e dimostrato contro vari fattori, tra cui stress sia abiotici (temperatura, siccità) che biotici (erbivori, agenti patogeni). Difatti, l'interesse per lo sviluppo di strategie agricole sostenibili basate sui VOC è in aumento. Tuttavia, le conoscenze sui meccanismi molecolari che coinvolgono i VOC in risposta a uno stress specifico presentano diverse lacune. In dettaglio, questa tesi si propone di approfondire (1) il ruolo dell'isoprene, il più abbondante terpene in atmosfera, nella resistenza alla siccità (2) i meccanismi difensivi, tra cui l'emissione di VOC e i riarrangiamenti del proteoma, innescati dal fungo Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in Phaseolus vulgaris. Concentrandosi sulla proteomica abbinata all'analisi di VOC e metaboliti, questo lavoro fornisce nuove prove a sostegno dell'importanza dei VOC nella difesa delle piante e fornisce nuovi possibili oggetti per ulteriori studi.
The role of volatile organic compounds in plant response to environmental stresses / Ilaria Mancini , 2021 Dec 21. 34. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2020/2021.
The role of volatile organic compounds in plant response to environmental stresses
MANCINI, ILARIA
2021-12-21
Abstract
Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) are secondary metabolites produced by living organisms, especially by plants, and released in the ecosystem. They are characterized by having low molecular weight, lyophilic properties and high vapor pressure at ambient conditions. So far, more than 1700 species of different plant VOCs have been isolated and characterized according to their chemical structure. They represent the 1% of the total secondary metabolites known in plants. The larger group of VOCs are terpenoids (mono-, di-, homo-, hemi- and sesquiterpenes), followed by phenylpropanoids, benzenoids, fatty acid derivates (including Green Leaf Volatiles or GLVs), and derivates from branched-amino acid biosynthesis. VOCs are not only released from leaves, but also from non-green tissues as roots, flowers, and fruits in different quantity and quality. While the VOCs emitted from reproductive organs primarily promote plant productivity, those released by leaves serve mainly for defence. The role of VOCs in plant protection has been widely investigated and proved against various stressors, including abiotic (temperature, drought) and biotic (herbivores, pathogens) sources. In fact, the interest in developing sustainable agricultural strategies based on VOCs is rising. However, the knowledge about molecular mechanisms involving VOCs in response to a specific stress is still missing at some extents. In detail, this thesis aims to deeper investigate (1) the role of the hemiterpene isoprene in drought resistance (2) defensive mechanisms, including VOCs emission and proteome rearrangements, triggered by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in Phaseolus vulgaris. By focusing on proteomics coupled with metabolomics and VOCs analysis, this work provides new evidence supporting the importance of VOCs in plant defence and furnish new possible targets for further studies.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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PhD thesis_Ilaria Mancini.pdf
Open Access dal 22/02/2022
Descrizione: THE ROLE OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN PLANT RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES
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