Introduction: Aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and colchicine are first-line treatments for acute and recurrent pericarditis. Drugs blocking the NACHT, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome/interleukin-1β (IL-1β) axis are beneficial in patients with multiple recurrences. Areas covered: In this review, the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β axis in the pathophysiology of pericarditis is discussed. Updates about novel therapies targeting IL-1 for recurrent pericarditis (RP) and practical considerations for their use are provided. Expert opinion: IL-1 inhibitors have been increasingly studied for RP in recent years. NLRP3 inflammasome is a key mediator in the pathophysiology of RP. IL-1β, its main product, can sustain its own production and feeds local and systemic inflammation. Randomized clinical trials testing anakinra (a recombinant form of the IL-1 receptor antagonist blocking IL-1α and IL-1β) and rilonacept (an IL-1α and IL-1β trap) have shown that IL-1 blockade reduces recurrences. These trials also helped in phenotyping patients with RP. Patients with multiple recurrences and signs of pericardial and/or systemic inflammation might benefit from IL-1 blockers in order to interrupt cyclic flares of auto-inflammation. Given this evidence, guidelines should consider incorporating IL-1 blockers.

Advances in pharmacotherapy for acute and recurrent pericarditis

Dentali F.;
2022-01-01

Abstract

Introduction: Aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and colchicine are first-line treatments for acute and recurrent pericarditis. Drugs blocking the NACHT, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome/interleukin-1β (IL-1β) axis are beneficial in patients with multiple recurrences. Areas covered: In this review, the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β axis in the pathophysiology of pericarditis is discussed. Updates about novel therapies targeting IL-1 for recurrent pericarditis (RP) and practical considerations for their use are provided. Expert opinion: IL-1 inhibitors have been increasingly studied for RP in recent years. NLRP3 inflammasome is a key mediator in the pathophysiology of RP. IL-1β, its main product, can sustain its own production and feeds local and systemic inflammation. Randomized clinical trials testing anakinra (a recombinant form of the IL-1 receptor antagonist blocking IL-1α and IL-1β) and rilonacept (an IL-1α and IL-1β trap) have shown that IL-1 blockade reduces recurrences. These trials also helped in phenotyping patients with RP. Patients with multiple recurrences and signs of pericardial and/or systemic inflammation might benefit from IL-1 blockers in order to interrupt cyclic flares of auto-inflammation. Given this evidence, guidelines should consider incorporating IL-1 blockers.
2022
Acute pericarditis; anakinra; IL-1 blockers; IL-1α; IL-1β; NLRP3 inflammasome; recurrent pericarditis; rilonacept
Vecchie, A.; Del Buono, M. G.; Mauro, A. G.; Cremer, P. C.; Imazio, M.; Klein, A. L.; Abbate, A.; Dentali, F.; Bonaventura, A.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11383/2131804
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