Biomass and cardboard waste-based briquettes for heating and cooking: Thermal efficiency and emissions analysis

Waste-based briquettes can be an alternative option that can foster the reduction of waste inflow into final disposal sites and introduce alternative energy sources for cooking and heating in rural areas. In particular, the assumption of waste-based briquettes in Andean areas can be of higher potential, due to the lack of biomass sources locally available and the low environmental temperature that increases the requirements of heating systems. The current research would provide a contribution to the scientific literature by introducing a combustion analysis at 3300 m a.s.l. for comparing the thermal efficiency and emissions of sawdust and cardboard waste based briquettes with conventional firewood for heating and cooking purposes. Laboratory tests were carried out for estimating five combustion efficiency parameters, as well as CO, CO 2 , and PM2.5 emissions. Results suggested that 80% cardboard and 20% sawdust briquettes increase the boiling time of water by about 30-50% compared to firewood, due to the lower combustion power (-44%). On the other hand, the thermal efficiency increases of about 10-13%, while biomass consumption and energy consumption per minute decrease by about 27% and 44%, respectively. In addition, emissions reduce compared to firewood, from 32.6 g CO kg -1 to 22.9 g CO kg -1 and from 1260 mgPM2.5 kg -1 to 933 mgPM2.5 kg -1 . On balance, the research demonstrates that non-recyclable cardboard waste obtained from separate collection and discarded sawdust from sawmills can be employed for briquettes production as alternative fuels for Andean rural areas, contributing to reducing waste final disposal and boosting circular systems.