Morphological decomposition of TNG50 galaxies: methodology and catalogue

We present mordor (MORphological DecOmposeR), a new algorithm for structural decomposition of simulated galaxies based on stellar kinematics. The code measures the properties of up to five structural components (a thin/cold and a thick/warm disc, a classical and a secular bulge, and a spherical stellar halo), and determines the properties of a stellar bar (if present). A comparison with other algorithms presented in the literature yields overall good agreement, with mordor displaying a higher flexibility in correctly decomposing systems and identifying bars in crowded environments (e.g. with ongoing fly-bys, often observable in cosmological simulations). We use mordor to analyse galaxies in the TNG50 simulation and find the following: (i) the thick disc component undergoes the strongest evolution in the binding energy-circularity plane, as expected when disc galaxies decrease their turbulent-rotational support with cosmic time; (ii) smaller galaxies (with stellar mass, 10(9) less than or similar to M-*/ M-circle dot <= 5 x 10(9)) undergo a major growth in their disc components after z similar to 1, whereas (iii) the most massive galaxies (5 x 10(10) < M-*/ M-circle dot <= 5 x 10(11)) evolve towards more spheroidal dominated objects down to z = 0 due to frequent gravitational interactions with satellites; (iv) the fraction of barred galaxies grows rapidly at high redshift and stabilizes below z similar to 2, except for the most massive galaxies that show a decrease in the bar occupation fraction at low redshift; (v) galaxies with M-* similar to 10(11) M-circle dot exhibit the highest relative occurrence of bars at z = 0, in agreement with observational studies. We publicly release mordor and the morphological catalogue of TNG50 galaxies.