Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020

Alm, Erik; Broberg, Eeva K.; Connor, Thomas; Hodcroft, Emma B.; Komissarov, Andrey B.; Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian; Melidou, Angeliki; Neher, Richard A.; O'Toole, Áine; Pereyaslov, Dmitriy; Beerenwinkel, Niko; Posada-Céspedes, Susana; Jablonski, Kim Philipp; Ferreira, Pedro Falé; Topolsky, Ivan; Avšič-Županc, Tatjana; Korva, Miša; Poljak, Mario; Zakotnik, Samo; Zorec, Tomaž Mark; Bragstad, Karoline; Hungnes, Olav; Stene-Johansen, Kathrine; Reusken, Chantal; Meijer, Adam; Vennema, Harry; Ruiz-Roldán, Lidia; Bracho, María Alma; García-González, Neris; Chiner-Oms, Álvaro; Cancino-Muñoz, Irving; Comas, Iñaki; Goig, Galo A.; Torres-Puente, Manuela; López, Mariana G.; Martínez-Priego, Llúcia; D'Auria, Giuseppe; Ruíz-Hueso, Paula; Ferrús-Abad, Loreto; de Marco, Griselda; Galan-Vendrell, Inmaculada; Carbó-Ramirez, Sandra; Ruiz-Rodriguez, Paula; Coscollá, Mireia; Polackova, Katerina; Kramna, Lenka; Cinek, Ondrej; Richter, Jan; Krashias, George; Tryfonos, Christina; Bashiardes, Stavros; Koptides, Dana; Christodoulou, Christina; Bartolini, Barbara; Gruber, Cesare Em; Di Caro, Antonino; Castilletti, Concetta; Stefani, Fabrizio; Rimoldi, Sara Giordana; Romeri, Francesca; Salerno, Franco; Polesello, Stefano; Nagy, Alexander; Jirincova, Helena; Vecerova, Jaromira; Novakova, Ludmila; Cordey, Samuel; Murtskhvaladze, Marine; Kotaria, Nato; Schär, Tobias; Beisel, Christian; Vugrek, Oliver; Rokić, Filip; Trgovec-Greif, Lovro; Jurak, Igor; Rukavina, Tomislav; Sučić, Neven; Schønning, Kristian; Karst, Søren M.; Kirkegaard, Rasmus H.; Michaelsen, Thomas Y.; Sørensen, Emil Aa; Knutson, Simon; Brandt, Jakob; Le-Quy, Vang; Sørensen, Trine; Petersen, Celine; Pedersen, Martin Schou; Larsen, Sanne Løkkegaard; Skov, Marianne Nielsine; Rasmussen, Morten; Fonager, Jannik; Fomsgaard, Anders; Maksyutov, Rinat Amirovich; Gavrilova, Elena Vasil'Evna; Pyankov, Oleg Victorovich; Bodnev, Sergey Alexandrovich; Tregubchak, Tatyana Vladimirovna; Shvalov, Alexander Nikolayevich; Antonets, Denis Victorovich; Resende, Paola Cristina; Goya, Stephanie; Perrin, Amandine; Lee, Raphael Tc; Yadahalli, Shilpa; Han, Alvin X.; Russell, Colin A.; Schmutz, Stefan; Zaheri, Maryam; Kufner, Verena; Huber, Michael; Trkola, Alexandra; Antwerpen, Markus; Walter, Mathias C.; van der Werf, Sylvie; Gambaro, Fabiana; Behillil, Sylvie; Enouf, Vincent; Donati, Flora; Ustinova, Monta; Rovite, Vita; Klovins, Janis; Savicka, Oksana; Wienecke-Baldacchino, Anke K.; Ragimbeau, Catherine; Fournier, Guillaume; Mossong, Joël; Aberle, Stephan W.; Haukland, Mattias; Enkirch, Theresa; Advani, Abdolreza; Karlberg, Maria Lind; Lindsjö, Oskar Karlsson; Broddesson, Sandra; Sláviková, Monika; Ličková, Martina; Klempa, Boris; Staroňová, Edita; Tichá, Elena; Szemes, Tomáš; Rusňáková, Diana; Stadler, Tanja; Quer, Josep; Anton, Andres; Andres, Cristina; Piñana, Maria; Garcia-Cehic, Damir; Pumarola, Tomas; Izopet, Jacques; Gioula, Georgia; Exindari, Maria; Papa, Anna; Chatzidimitriou, Dimitrios; Metallidis, Symeon; Pappa, Stella; Macek, Milan; Geryk, Jan; Brož, Petr; Briksí, Aleš; Hubáček, Petr; Dřevínek, Pavel; Zajac, Miroslav; Kvapil, Petr; Holub, Michal; Kvapilová, Kateřina; Novotný, Adam; Kašný, Martin; Klempt, Petr; Vapalahti, Olli; Smura, Teemu; Sironen, Tarja; Selhorst, Philippe; Anthony, Colin; Ariën, Kevin; Simon-Loriere, Etienne; Rabalski, Lukasz; Bienkowska-Szewczyk, Krystyna; Borges, Vítor; Isidro, Joana; Gomes, João Paulo; Guiomar, Raquel; Pechirra, Pedro; Costa, Inês; Duarte, Sílvia; Vieira, Luís; Pyrc, Krzysztof; Zuckerman, Neta S.; Turdikulova, Shahlo; Abdullaev, Alisher; Dalimova, Dilbar; Abdurakhimov, Abror; Tagliabracci, Adriano; Alessandrini, Federica; Melchionda, Filomena; Onofri, Valerio; Turchi, Chiara; Bagnarelli, Patrizia; Menzo, Stefano; Caucci, Sara; Di Sante, Laura; Popa, Alexandra; Genger, Jakob-Wendelin; Agerer, Benedikt; Lercher, Alexander; Endler, Lukas; Smyth, Mark; Penz, Thomas; Schuster, Michael; Senekowitsch, Martin; Laine, Jan; Bock, Christoph; Bergthaler, Andreas; Shevtsov, Alexandr; Kalendar, Ruslan; Ramanculov, Yerlan; Graf, Alexander; Muenchhoff, Maximilian; Keppler, Oliver T.; Krebs, Stefan; Blum, Helmut; Marcello, Alessandro; Licastro, Danilo; D'Agaro, Pierlanfranco; Laubscher, Florian; Vidanovic, Dejan; Tesovic, Bojana; Volkening, Jeremy; Clementi, Nicola; Mancini, Nicasio; Rupnik, Maja; Mahnic, Aleksander; Walker, Andreas; Houwaart, Torsten; Wienemann, Tobias; Vasconcelos, Malte Kohns; Strelow, Daniel; Jensen, Björn-Erik Ole; Senff, Tina; Hülse, Lisanna; Adams, Ortwin; Andree, Marcel; Hauka, Sandra; Feldt, Torsten; Keitel, Verena; Kindgen-Milles, Detlef; Timm, Jörg; Pfeffer, Klaus; Dilthey, Alexander T.; Moore, Catherine; Ozdarendeli, Aykut; Pavel, Shaikh Terkis Islam; Yetiskin, Hazel; Aydin, Gunsu; Holyavkin, Can; Uygut, Muhammet Ali; Cevik, Ceren; Shchetinin, Alexey; Gushchin, Vladimir; Dinler-Doganay, Gizem; Doganay, Levent; Kizilboga-Akgun, Tugba; Karacan, Ilker; Pancer, Katarzyna; Maes, Piet; Martí-Carreras, Joan; Wawina-Bokalanga, Tony; Vanmechelen, Bert; Thürmer, Andrea; Wedde, Marianne; Dürrwald, Ralf; von Kleist, Max; Drechsel, Oliver; Wolff, Thorsten; Fuchs, Stephan; Kmiecinski, Rene; Michel, Janine; Nitsche, Andreas; Casas, Inmaculada; Caballero, María Iglesias; Zaballos, Ángel; Jiménez, Pilar; Jiménez, Mercedes; Fernández, Sara Monzón; Fernández, Sarai Varona; de la Plaza, Isabel Cuesta; Fadeev, Artem; Ivanova, Anna; Sergeeva, Mariia; Stefanelli, Paola; Estee Torok, M.; Hall, Grant; da Silva Filipe, Ana; Turtle, Lance; Afifi, Safiah; Mccluggage, Kathryn; Beer, Robert; Ledesma, Juan; Maksimovic, Joshua; Spellman, Karla; Hamilton, William L.; Marchbank, Angela; Southgate, Joel Alexander; Underwood, Anthony; Taylor, Ben; Yeats, Corin; Abudahab, Khalil; Gemmell, Matthew R.; Eccles, Richard; Lucaci, Anita; Nelson, Charlotte Abigail; Rainbow, Lucille; Whitehead, Mark; Gregory, Richard; Haldenby, Sam; Paterson, Steve; Hughes, Margaret A.; Curran, Martin D.; Baker, David; Tucker, Rachel; Green, Luke R.; Feltwell, Theresa; Halstead, Fenella D.; Wyles, Matthew; Jahun, Aminu S.; Ahmad, Shazaad S. Y.; Georgana, Iliana; Goodfellow, Ian; Yakovleva, Anna; Meredith, Luke W.; Gavriil, Artemis; Awan, Ali Raza; Fisher, Chloe; Edgeworth, Jonathan; Lynch, Jessica; Moore, Nathan; Williams, Rebecca; Kidd, Stephen P.; Cortes, Nicholas; Brunker, Kirstyn; Mccrone, John T.; Quick, Joshua; Duckworth, Nichola; Walsh, Sarah; Sloan, Tim; Ludden, Catherine; George, Ryan P.; Eltringham, Gary; Brown, Julianne R.; Aranday-Cortes, Elihu; Shepherd, James G.; Hughes, Joseph; Kathy K., Li; Williams, Thomas C.; Johnson, Natasha; Jesudason, Natasha; Mair, Daniel; Thomson, Emma; Shah, Rajiv; Parr, Yasmin A.; Carmichael, Stephen; Robertson, David L.; Nomikou, Kyriaki; Broos, Alice; Niebel, Marc; Smollett, Katherine; Tong, Lily; Miah, Shahjahan; Wittner, Anita; Phillips, Nicole; Payne, Brendan; Dewar, Rebecca; Holmes, Alison; Bolt, Frances; Price, James R.; Mookerjee, Siddharth; Sethi, Dheeraj K.; Potter, Will; Stanley, Rachael; Prakash, Reenesh; Dervisevic, Samir; Graham, Jonathan Clive; Nelson, Andrew; Smith, Darren; Young, Gregory R.; Yew, Wen Chyin; Todd, John A.; Trebes, Amy; Andersson, Monique; Bull, Matthew; Watkins, Joanne; Birchley, Alec; Gatica-Wilcox, Bree; Gilbert, Lauren; Kumžiene-Summerhayes, Sara; Rey, Sara; Chauhan, Anoop; Butcher, Ethan; Bicknell, Kelly; Elliott, Scott; Glaysher, Sharon; Lackenby, Angie; Bibby, David; Platt, Steven; Mohamed, Hodan; Machin, Nicholas William; Mbisa, Jean Lutamyo; Evans, Jonathan; Perry, Malorie; Pacchiarini, Nicole; Corden, Sally; Adams, Alexander Geraint; Gaskin, Amy; Coombs, Jason; Graham, Lee John; Cottrell, Simon; Morgan, Mari; Gifford, Laura; Kolyva, Anastasia; Rudder, Steven John; Trotter, Alexander J.; Mather, Alison E.; Aydin, Alp; Page, Andrew J.; Kay, Gemma L.; de Oliveira Martins, Leonardo; Yasir, Muhammad; Alikhan, Nabil-Fareed; Thomson, Nicholas M.; Gilroy, Rachel; Kingsley, Robert A.; O'Grady, Justin; Gutierrez, Ana Victoria; Diaz, Maria; Viet, Thanh Le; Tedim, Ana P.; Adriaenssens, Evelien M.; Patrick Mcclure, C.; Moore, Christopher; Sang, Fei; Clark, Gemma; Howson-Wells, Hannah C.; Debebe, Johnny; Ball, Jonathan; Chappell, Joseph; Khakh, Manjinder; Carlile, Matthew; Loose, Matthew; Lister, Michelle M.; Holmes, Nadine; Tsoleridis, Theocharis; Fleming, Vicki M.; Wright, Victoria; Smith, Wendy; Gallagher, Michael D.; Parker, Matthew; Partridge, David G.; Evans, Cariad; Baker, Paul; Essex, Sarah; Liggett, Steven; Keeley, Alexander J.; Bashton, Matthew; Rooke, Stefan; Dervisavic, Samir; Meader, Emma Jane; Lopez, Carlos Enrique Balcazar; Angyal, Adrienn; Kristiansen, Mark; Tutill, Helena J.; Findlay, Jacqueline; Mestek-Boukhibar, Lamia; Forrest, Leysa; Dyal, Patricia; Williams, Rachel J.; Panchbhaya, Yasmin; Williams, Charlotte A.; Roy, Sunando; Pandey, Sarojini; Stockton, Jo; Loman, Nicholas J.; Poplawski, Radoslaw; Nicholls, Samuel; Rowe, W. P. M.; Khokhar, Fahad; Pinckert, Malte Lars; Hosmillo, Myra; Chaudhry, Yasmin; Caller, Laura G.; Davidson, Rose K.; Griffith, Luke; Rambaut, Andrew; Jackson, Ben; Colquhoun, Rachel; Hill, Verity; Nichols, Jenna; Asamaphan, Patawee; Darby, Alistair; Jackson, Kathryn A.; Iturriza-Gomara, Miren; Vamos, Ecaterina Edith; Green, Angie; Aanensen, David; Bonsall, David; Buck, David; Macintyre-Cockett, George; de Cesare, Mariateresa; Pybus, Oliver; Golubchik, Tanya; Scarlett, Garry; Loveson, Katie F.; Robson, Samuel C.; Beckett, Angela; Lindsey, Benjamin; Groves, Danielle C.; Parsons, Paul J.; Mchugh, Martin P.; Barnes, James Daniel; Manso, Carmen F.; Grammatopoulos, Dimitris; Menger, Katja Elisabeth; Harrison, Ewan; Gunson, Rory; Peacock, Sharon J.; Gonzalez, Gabriel; Carr, Michael; Mihaela, Lazar; Popovici, Odette; Brytting, Mia; Bresner, Catherine; Fuller, William; Workman, Trudy; Mentis, Andreas F.; Kossyvakis, Athanasios; Karamitros, Timokratis; Pogka, Vasiliki; Kalliaropoulos, Antonios; Horefti, Elina; Kontou, Aspasia; Martinez-Gonzalez, Beatriz; Labropoulou, Voula; Voulgari-Kokota, Androniki; Evangelidou, Maria; Bizta, Panagiota; Belimezi, Maria; Lambrechts, Laurens; Doymaz, Mehmet Z.; Yazici, Merve Kalkan; Cetin, Nesibe S.; Karaaslan, Elif; Kallio-Kokko, Hannimari; Virtanen, Jenni; Suvanto, Maija; Nguyen, Phuoc Truong; Ellonen, Pekka; Hannula, Sari; Kangas, Harri; Sreenu, Vattipally B.; Burián, Katalin; Terhes, Gabriella; Gombos, Katalin; Gyenesei, Attila; Urbán, Péter; Herczeg, Róbert; Jakab, Ferenc; Kemenesi, Gábor; Tóth, Gábor Endre; Somogyi, Balázs; Zana, Brigitta; Zeghbib, Safia; Kuczmog, Anett; Földes, Fanni; Lanszki, Zsófia; Madai, Mónika; Papp, Henrietta; Nagy, Ágnes; Pereszlényi, Csaba István; Babinszky, Gergely Csaba; Dudás, Gábor; Csoma, Eszter; Abou Tayoun, Ahmad N.; Alsheikh-Ali, Alawi A.; Loney, Tom; Nowotny, Norbert; Abdul-Wahab, Osama; Gonzalez-Candelas, Fernando; Andersen, Martin H.; Taylor, Sarah

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.32.2001410

We show the distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) genetic clades over time and between countries and outline potential genomic surveillance objectives. We applied three genomic nomenclature systems to all sequence data from the World Health Organization European Region available until 10 July 2020. We highlight the importance of real-time sequencing and data dissemination in a pandemic situation, compare the nomenclatures and lay a foundation for future European genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.