Maternal mortality is a worldwide alarming concern, and sepsis is the third most frequent cause for its occurrence. Pregnancy and the postpartum period are an intrinsically vulnerable period during women’s life, which may make the mothers more susceptible to develop sepsis, due to the physiological and immunological changes that regulate host capacity to counteract pathogens infection, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The physiological adaptations of pregnancy could additionally mask signs and symptoms of infection and limit the sensitivity and specificity of the available scores. On this basis, the obstetric-modified quick SOFA and the Modified Early Warning System were proposed to over-come these issues. Early recognition and treatment are vital to prevent mortality. Nevertheless, the evidence guiding the current management of maternal sepsis are derived from the general population and do not take into account the physiological changes of pregnancy. In pregnant women early fluid resuscitation should be carefully addressed, and the management of the source of infection may require expedite delivery, making the management of sepsis particularly challenging during gestation. Further studies are needed to establish preg-nancy-related diagnostic criteria and therapeutic protocols for sepsis and septic shock in the obstetrical population.

La mortalità materna è indubbiamente un problema di rilevanza globale e la sepsi ne rappresenta la terza causa per frequenza. Durante la gravidanza e nel post-partum la donna è più suscettibile allo sviluppo della sepsi, in quanto i cambiamenti fisiologici e immunologici modulano la capacità dell’ospite di contrastare le infezioni da agenti patogeni, come batteri, virus, funghi e protozoi, rendendo le madri più vulnerabili. Questi adattamenti fisiologici possono inoltre mascherare segni e sintomi di infezione e limitare la sensibilità e la specificità degli score diagnostici disponibili, motivo per il quale è stato proposto il quick-SOFA ostetrico e il Modified Early Warning System. Il riconoscimento e il trattamento precoce sono vitali per ridurre la mortalità legata alla sepsi. Tuttavia, le evidenze su cui si basa la gestione della sepsi materna sono ricavate dalla popolazione generale, che non tiene conto del cambiamento fisiologico della gravidanza, quando la rianimazione emodinamica precoce deve essere affrontata con attenzione e la gestione della fonte di infezione può richiedere l’espletamento in tempi brevi del parto, rendendo particolarmente difficile la gestione della sepsi in ostetricia. Pertanto, sono necessari ulteriori studi per definire chiaramente i criteri diagnostici e i protocolli terapeutici per la sepsi e lo shock settico nella popolazione ostetrica.

Maternal sepsis: A comprehensive review from definition to treatment

Cromi, A.;Ghezzi, F.;
2020-01-01

Abstract

Maternal mortality is a worldwide alarming concern, and sepsis is the third most frequent cause for its occurrence. Pregnancy and the postpartum period are an intrinsically vulnerable period during women’s life, which may make the mothers more susceptible to develop sepsis, due to the physiological and immunological changes that regulate host capacity to counteract pathogens infection, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The physiological adaptations of pregnancy could additionally mask signs and symptoms of infection and limit the sensitivity and specificity of the available scores. On this basis, the obstetric-modified quick SOFA and the Modified Early Warning System were proposed to over-come these issues. Early recognition and treatment are vital to prevent mortality. Nevertheless, the evidence guiding the current management of maternal sepsis are derived from the general population and do not take into account the physiological changes of pregnancy. In pregnant women early fluid resuscitation should be carefully addressed, and the management of the source of infection may require expedite delivery, making the management of sepsis particularly challenging during gestation. Further studies are needed to establish preg-nancy-related diagnostic criteria and therapeutic protocols for sepsis and septic shock in the obstetrical population.
2020
Maternal mortality; Organ dysfunction scores; Pregnancy complications
Simonetto, C.; Garzon, S.; Laganà, A. S.; Raffaelli, R.; Cromi, A.; Uccella, S.; Ghezzi, F.; Franchi, M.
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
Maternal-sepsis-A-comprehensive-review-from-definition-to-treatmentItalian-Journal-of-Gynaecology-and-Obstetrics.pdf

accesso aperto

Tipologia: Versione Editoriale (PDF)
Licenza: Creative commons
Dimensione 336.3 kB
Formato Adobe PDF
336.3 kB Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11383/2151635
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus 2
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? ND
social impact