Effectiveness and Safety of Different Vascular Closure Devices: Multicentre Prospective Observational study

Aim: The aim of this prospective, multicentre, observational study was to compare the efficacy and safety of balloon-based and non-balloon-based vascular closure devices (VCDs). Materials and Methods: From March 2021 to May 2022, 2373 participants from 10 different centres were enrolled. Among them, 1672 patients with 5–7 Fr accesses were selected. Successful haemostasis, failure and safety were evaluated. Successful haemostasis was defined as the possibility to obtain complete haemostasis with the use of VCDs, without any complication. Failure management was defined as the need of manual compression. Safety was defined as the rate of complications. Cases of haematomas/pseudoaneurysms (PSA) and artero-venous fistula (AVF) were collected. Results: VCDs mechanism of action is statistically significant associated with the outcome. Non-balloon-based VCDs demonstrated a statistically significant better outcome: successful haemostasis was obtained in 96.5% vs. 85.9%, of cases when compared to balloon occluders (p < 0.001). The incidence of AVF was statistically more frequent using non-balloon occluders devices (1.57% vs 0%, p: 0.007). No significant statistical difference was found in comparing haematoma and PSA occurrence. Thrombocytopenia, coagulation deficit, BMI, diabetes mellitus and anti-coagulation were demonstrated to be independent predictors of failure management. Conclusion: Our study suggests a better outcome with the same complication rate, except that for AVF incidence for non-balloon collagen plug device if compared to balloon occluders vascular closure devices.