The growing presence of Muslim believers in Europe has increasingly led to heated debates also at the doctrinal level. Legal and economic literature, particularly, has recently emphasised the importance that inclusive, effective and efficient financial regulation can have on the degree of integration of the Islamic communities present in non-Muslim contexts. Since the Shari'ah dictates a series of behavioural rules in different sectors of the believer’s life, the Koran and the narratives of the Prophet (hadith) offer a series of prescriptions also in economic matters. With the aim of outlining the religious and juridical reasoning of the so-called halal economic dimension, this paper first examines the economic principles of Islamic finance: the prohibition of ribà (interest), the prohibition of ghàrar (uncertainty) and that of maysìr (speculation). It then provides a recognition aimed at finding a general theory of Islamic contracts. Finally, it reconstructs the discipline of the mudàraba and musharàka participatory contracts. These two forms of contracts represent a product of Islamic finance widely used in banking-financial practice and considered by Islamic legal schools to be totally in conformity with the Word of Allah. They are therefore instruments of comparison particularly interesting as well as useful for the Italian legal system. They can represent a flywheel for the integration of Muslims in the social fabric, and at the same time, an antidote to the unstable European economic panorama.
La crescente presenza di credenti musulmani in Europa ha suscitato sempre più accesi dibattiti anche a livello dottrinale. La letteratura giuridica ed economica, in particolare, ha recentemente sottolineato l'importanza che una regolamentazione finanziaria inclusiva, efficace ed efficiente può avere sul grado di integrazione delle comunità islamiche presenti in contesti non musulmani. Poiché la Shari'ah detta una serie di regole comportamentali in diversi settori della vita del credente, il Corano e le narrazioni del Profeta (hadith) offrono una serie di prescrizioni anche in materia economica. Con l'obiettivo di delineare il ragionamento religioso e giuridico della cosiddetta dimensione economica halal, il presente contributo esamina innanzitutto i principi economici della finanza islamica: il divieto di ribà (interesse), il divieto di ghàrar (incertezza) e quello di maysìr (speculazione). Fornisce poi un riconoscimento volto a trovare una teoria generale dei contratti islamici. Ricostruisce infine la disciplina dei contratti partecipativi mudàraba e musharàka. Queste due forme contrattuali rappresentano un prodotto della finanza islamica ampiamente utilizzato nella pratica bancario-finanziaria e ritenuto dalle scuole giuridiche islamiche totalmente conforme alla Parola di Allah. Sono quindi strumenti di confronto particolarmente interessanti oltre che utili per l'ordinamento italiano. Possono rappresentare un volano per l'integrazione dei musulmani nel tessuto sociale e, allo stesso tempo, un antidoto all'instabile panorama economico europeo.
L’economia del Profeta: la finanza islamica e i fondamenti religiosi del diritto islamico dei contratti Shari’ah Compliant
Cupri, A
2021-01-01
Abstract
The growing presence of Muslim believers in Europe has increasingly led to heated debates also at the doctrinal level. Legal and economic literature, particularly, has recently emphasised the importance that inclusive, effective and efficient financial regulation can have on the degree of integration of the Islamic communities present in non-Muslim contexts. Since the Shari'ah dictates a series of behavioural rules in different sectors of the believer’s life, the Koran and the narratives of the Prophet (hadith) offer a series of prescriptions also in economic matters. With the aim of outlining the religious and juridical reasoning of the so-called halal economic dimension, this paper first examines the economic principles of Islamic finance: the prohibition of ribà (interest), the prohibition of ghàrar (uncertainty) and that of maysìr (speculation). It then provides a recognition aimed at finding a general theory of Islamic contracts. Finally, it reconstructs the discipline of the mudàraba and musharàka participatory contracts. These two forms of contracts represent a product of Islamic finance widely used in banking-financial practice and considered by Islamic legal schools to be totally in conformity with the Word of Allah. They are therefore instruments of comparison particularly interesting as well as useful for the Italian legal system. They can represent a flywheel for the integration of Muslims in the social fabric, and at the same time, an antidote to the unstable European economic panorama.
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