Contrasting the features and functionalities of urban microclimate simulation tools

The impact of human activities on climate change has become increasingly evident, with cities being particularly vulnerable to its effects. Anthropogenic emissions, such as heat and greenhouse gases, are projected to intensify climate-induced phenomena, which can lead to negative health outcomes. To understand how human health would be affected by such climate-exacerbated phenomena, computational models that consider the local microclimate are essential to better regulate cities to respond to these phenomena. Many simulation tools have been created and enhanced over the years. Therefore, this study systematically reviews the currently available urban microclimate simulation tools and compares their features and capabilities. The review suggests that these models can effectively assist in investigating urban health and testing adaptation strategies, but it is important to acknowledge their limitations due to assumptions made. Nonetheless, with proper interpretation and utilization, these models can provide valuable insights and contribute to informed decision-making processes.