Is There a Role for Urodynamic Investigation in the Management of Pelvic Organ Prolapse?

Background/Objectives: The role of urodynamic study (UDS) in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and concurrent lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) remains controversial. Although LUTS alone often fail to yield an accurate diagnosis, routine UDS is debated due to its invasiveness, cost, patient discomfort, and risk of urinary tract infections. The aim of this narrative review is to summarise the utility of UDS in the pre- and postoperative management of POP, focusing on its role in diagnosing and predicting outcomes for detrusor overactivity (DO), bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), detrusor underactivity (DU), and SUI. Methods: An extensive search of the available medical literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase to identify relevant studies published up to December 2024. The search combined keywords and MeSH terms related to pelvic organ prolapse (POP), urodynamic studies (UDS), overactive bladder, detrusor overactivity, stress urinary incontinence (SUI), female bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), detrusor underactivity (DU), preoperative assessment, and postoperative outcomes. Results: Occult stress urinary incontinence (SUI) detection with UDS can aid in planning concurrent anti-incontinence procedures, while preoperative assessment of DO or DU helps predict postoperative complications like urinary retention or overactive bladder symptoms. Conclusions: Despite its diagnostic advantages, evidence on UDS parameters and surgical outcomes remains inconsistent. The most important societies’ guidelines promote the use of UDS in selected cases, highlighting the need for individualised assessments to optimise patient counselling and management strategies.