The Joint Sections of the Supreme Court recently ruled on Article 2042 of the Civil Code and the right meaning of subsidiarity of the action of unjust enrichment in Italian law. Both doctrine and jurisprudence have long debated whether this requirement of the action should be understood abstractly or concretely. In the first case, in order to be able to act in enrichment, the impoverished person cannot have any other action that would allow him, abstractly, to recover the impoverishment, regardless of whether such an action is actually suitable to obtain restoration of the damage suffered; in the second case, on the other hand, unjust enrichment is a restitutory remedy that can be exercised whenever, concretely, it is not possible to obtain restoration of the damage by another action. Contrary to what the scholars had hoped for and what was legitimately to be expected, at least according to the most recent case law, the Joint Sections confirmed the traditional orientation, according to which subsidiarity must be understood in abstract. The decision raises some perplexity and does not seem to be free from criticism, particularly because, between two equally legitimate meanings of subsidiarity, it prefers the one that makes the general remedy marginal, choosing to protect the one who, without just cause, becomes enriched, rather than the one who is impoverished.
Le Sezioni Unite si sono recentemente pronunciate sull’art. 2042 c.c. e sull’esatta accezione di sussidiarietà dell’azione di arricchimento senza causa nel nostro ordinamento. Dottrina e giurisprudenza, da tempo, discutevano se tale requisito dell’azione dovesse essere inteso in modo astratto o concreto. Nel primo caso, per poter agire in arricchimento, l’impoverito non può disporre di nessun’altra azione che gli consenta, in astratto, di recuperare l’impoverimento, indipendentemente dal fatto che tale azione sia effettivamente idonea a ottenere il ristoro del danno subìto; nella seconda ipotesi, invece, l’arricchimento senza causa è un rimedio restitutorio esperibile tutte le volte in cui, in concreto, non sia possibile ottenere ristoro del danno con un’altra azione. A differenza di quanto auspicato dalla dottrina e da quanto era legittimo attendersi, almeno secondo la giurisprudenza più recente, le Sezioni Unite hanno confermato l’orientamento tradizionale, secondo il quale la sussidiarietà deve essere intesa in astratto. La decisione suscita qualche perplessità e non sembra essere esente da critiche, in particolare perché, tra due accezioni di sussidiarietà parimenti legittime, predilige quella che rende il rimedio generale marginale, scegliendo di tutelare chi, senza giusta causa, si arricchisce, anziché colui che si impoverisce
Much ado about nothing: le Sezioni Unite e la sussidiarietà dell’azione di arricchimento senza causa
Geo Magri
2024-01-01
Abstract
The Joint Sections of the Supreme Court recently ruled on Article 2042 of the Civil Code and the right meaning of subsidiarity of the action of unjust enrichment in Italian law. Both doctrine and jurisprudence have long debated whether this requirement of the action should be understood abstractly or concretely. In the first case, in order to be able to act in enrichment, the impoverished person cannot have any other action that would allow him, abstractly, to recover the impoverishment, regardless of whether such an action is actually suitable to obtain restoration of the damage suffered; in the second case, on the other hand, unjust enrichment is a restitutory remedy that can be exercised whenever, concretely, it is not possible to obtain restoration of the damage by another action. Contrary to what the scholars had hoped for and what was legitimately to be expected, at least according to the most recent case law, the Joint Sections confirmed the traditional orientation, according to which subsidiarity must be understood in abstract. The decision raises some perplexity and does not seem to be free from criticism, particularly because, between two equally legitimate meanings of subsidiarity, it prefers the one that makes the general remedy marginal, choosing to protect the one who, without just cause, becomes enriched, rather than the one who is impoverished.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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