Congenital penile curvature treatments in adults: a systematic review of techniques and outcomes

Congenital penile curvature is a rare condition identified by an abnormal penile curvature present from birth. Surgical intervention is currently the most effective treatment and is generally deferred until after puberty; however, early correction is recommended by some due to its impact on psychosexual development. This systematic review aims to evaluate the literature on surgical techniques for congenital penile curvature correction, focusing on their efficacy, safety, and patient-reported outcomes. Conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024526737), the review includes 59 studies meeting inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that numerous surgical techniques have been documented over the past decades, predominantly focusing on shortening procedures such as Nesbit, Yachia, tunica albuginea plication, and Essed-Schröder. These historically utilized methods remain effective for correcting congenital penile curvature, but they may result in side effects like penile shortening and erectile dysfunction. The review emphasizes the necessity for well-designed studies to better compare the benefits of various surgical techniques.