Low-energy proximal humeral fractures: a literature overview

Low-energy proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) are common in elderly individuals, primarily resulting from falls from a standing height. These fractures are often associated with osteoporosis and impaired neuromuscular control, making them a significant public health concern. The mechanism of injury typically involves indirect trauma, with axial loading and rotational forces transmitted through the upper limb. These fractures are frequently classified using Neer’s system, which helps guide management decisions. Multiple treatment options are available, and the choice depends on fracture complexity, patient health status, and functional demands. Systematic reviews widely support nonoperative management and are often preferred over surgical interventions for many fracture types. Fracture prevention is a critical aspect of care in elderly patients. Additionally, incorporating geriatricians into trauma teams may help improve outcomes by addressing the unique needs of this population and reducing the risk of future fractures. Early rehabilitation and osteoporosis management are crucial in optimizing recovery and preventing future fractures. This literature overview highlights the importance of a comprehensive, patient-specific approach to improve functional outcomes and reduce long-term disability in individuals with low-energy PHFs.