Crypto-assets should be regarded as legal assets, albeit not in the classical sense of the term, but rather in the sense adopted by common law systems, wherein such assets are considered as entities or utilities that are the object of a right and, by virtue of that right (real property or personal property), are attributed and referable to a subject. The national tax legislator, after defining crypto-assets—borrowing the notion contained in the European MiCA Regulation (Markets in Crypto-Assets)—as a “digital representation of value or rights that can be transferred and stored electronically, using distributed ledger technology or similar technology” (Article 67, paragraph 1, letter c-sexies of the Italian Income Tax Code, TUIR), stipulated that all income derived from crypto-assets would be subject to the rules applicable to capital gains. This initially suggested that all crypto-assets should be considered as financial in nature. The Italian Tax Authority, despite lacking normative power and in contravention of the principles of legality and legislative reserve, intervened with Circular No. 30/E of 2023. In it, the Agency clarified that the new provision does not apply to financial crypto-assets issued via distributed ledger technology (DLT), the income from which—and only such income—should be subject to the regime governing investment income and miscellaneous income of a financial nature. The 2025 Budget Law has fortunately taken a significant step toward the normative differentiation between financial and non-financial crypto-assets. It increased the tax rate to 33% on income from non-financial crypto-assets, identifying them as those governed by Article 67, paragraph 1, letter c-sexies TUIR. At the same time, it confirmed the 26% tax rate on income from digital and tokenized financial investments, as defined by Decree Law No. 25/2023, converted into Law No. 52 of May 10, 2023.

Le cripto attività sono da considerare beni giuridici, ancorché non nel significato classico del termine, ma in quello adottato nei sistemi di common law ove si considerano tali le entità/utilità che costituiscono oggetto di un diritto e che in ragione di tale diritto (real property o personal property) appartengono e sono riferibili ad un soggetto. Il legislatore fiscale nazionale, dopo averle definite, mutuando la nozione contenuta nel Regolamento europeo MICA (Market in Cripto Asset), quali rappresentazione digitale di valore o di diritti che possono essere trasferiti e memorizzati elettronicamente, utilizzando la tecnologia di registro distribuito o una tecnologia analoga (art. 67, comma 1, lett. c-sexies TUIR), ha disposto che tutti i proventi derivanti da cripto attività venissero sottoposti alla disciplina riservata ai capital gain facendo pensare che tutte le cripto attività fossero da considerare finanziarie. L’Agenzia delle Entrate, pur non avendo alcun potere normativo e in contrasto con il principio di legalità e di riserva di legge, con la Circolare n. 30/E del 2023, è intervenuta segnalando che la nuova disposizione non è riferita al cripto attività finanziare emesse mediante DTL i cui proventi, e solo quelli, dovevano essere sottoposti alla disciplina riservata ai redditi di capitali e ai redditi diversi di natura finanziaria. La legge di Bilancio 2025 ha fortunatamente compiuto un passo importante verso la differenziazione normativa delle cripto attività finanziarie e non finanziarie innalzando al 33% la tassazione sui proventi da cripto attività non finanziarie identificandole in quelle disciplinate dall’art. 67, comma 1 lett. c-sexies TUIR e contestualmente confermando l’imposizione al 26% sui proventi da investimenti finanziari in formato digitale e anche tokenizzati di cui alla D.L. n. 25/2023 convertito in Legge n. 52 del 10/05/2023.

Le cripto attività non finanziarie

Maria Pierro
2025-01-01

Abstract

Crypto-assets should be regarded as legal assets, albeit not in the classical sense of the term, but rather in the sense adopted by common law systems, wherein such assets are considered as entities or utilities that are the object of a right and, by virtue of that right (real property or personal property), are attributed and referable to a subject. The national tax legislator, after defining crypto-assets—borrowing the notion contained in the European MiCA Regulation (Markets in Crypto-Assets)—as a “digital representation of value or rights that can be transferred and stored electronically, using distributed ledger technology or similar technology” (Article 67, paragraph 1, letter c-sexies of the Italian Income Tax Code, TUIR), stipulated that all income derived from crypto-assets would be subject to the rules applicable to capital gains. This initially suggested that all crypto-assets should be considered as financial in nature. The Italian Tax Authority, despite lacking normative power and in contravention of the principles of legality and legislative reserve, intervened with Circular No. 30/E of 2023. In it, the Agency clarified that the new provision does not apply to financial crypto-assets issued via distributed ledger technology (DLT), the income from which—and only such income—should be subject to the regime governing investment income and miscellaneous income of a financial nature. The 2025 Budget Law has fortunately taken a significant step toward the normative differentiation between financial and non-financial crypto-assets. It increased the tax rate to 33% on income from non-financial crypto-assets, identifying them as those governed by Article 67, paragraph 1, letter c-sexies TUIR. At the same time, it confirmed the 26% tax rate on income from digital and tokenized financial investments, as defined by Decree Law No. 25/2023, converted into Law No. 52 of May 10, 2023.
2025
2025
Cripto attività finanziarie e non finanziarie – Legge di bilancio 2025 – Qualificazione giuridica – Trattamento fiscale = Financial and Non-Financial Crypto-Assets – 2025 Budget Law – Legal Classification – Tax Treatment
Pierro, Maria
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11383/2201131
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