This article offers a critical reinterpretation of the principle of proportionality in the enforcement phase of punishment, questioning both its rational foundation and its traditional function as an ordering criterion of the sanction and sentencing systems. Drawing on a linguistic, mythical, and philosophical analysis of the notion of proportion, the author shows how it is rooted in a symbolic and sacred horizon rather than a strictly juridical one, and how its success in criminal law has been, in part, unintended. The article reconstructs the three levels of proportionality—legislative, judicial, and executive—highlighting their aporias, tensions, and structural limits, with particular attention to the incommensurability between crime and punishment and to the concrete conditions of detention. The central claim is that proportionality should not be conceived as the alpha of the sanctioning system, but rather as its omega: not an a priori parameter, but an ex post judgment on the reasonableness, humanity, and coherence of the punitive process as a whole. From this perspective, the enforcement phase of sanctions emerges as the privileged space in which proportionality may ultimately be realized, including through the incorporation of restorative and relational approaches capable of restoring meaning to punishment beyond the mere arithmetic of suffering.
Il contributo propone una rilettura critica del principio di proporzionalità nella fase esecutiva della pena, mettendone in discussione il fondamento razionale e la tradizionale funzione di criterio ordinatore del sistema sanzionatorio. Muovendo da un’analisi linguistica, mitica e filosofica della nozione di proporzione, l’autrice mostra come essa affondi le proprie radici in un orizzonte simbolico e sacrale, più che giuridico, e come il suo “successo” nel diritto penale sia in parte preterintenzionale. L’articolo ricostruisce i tre livelli della proporzione – legislativo, giudiziale ed esecutivo – evidenziandone aporie, tensioni e limiti strutturali, con particolare attenzione all’incommensurabilità tra reato e pena e alle condizioni concrete di esecuzione della sanzione detentiva. L’ipotesi centrale è che la proporzione non debba essere concepita come l’alfa del sistema sanzionatorio, bensì come la sua omega: non un parametro a priori, ma un giudizio a posteriori sulla ragionevolezza, umanità e coerenza dell’intero percorso punitivo. In questa prospettiva, la fase esecutiva diventa il luogo privilegiato in cui la proporzione può inverarsi, anche attraverso l’apertura a logiche riparative e relazionali, capaci di restituire senso alla pena oltre la mera aritmetica della sofferenza.
L'Omega e l'Alfa. Spunti per una nuova ermeneutica della proporzionalità nella fase esecutiva della pena
Grazia Mannozzi
Primo
Writing – Original Draft Preparation
2025-01-01
Abstract
This article offers a critical reinterpretation of the principle of proportionality in the enforcement phase of punishment, questioning both its rational foundation and its traditional function as an ordering criterion of the sanction and sentencing systems. Drawing on a linguistic, mythical, and philosophical analysis of the notion of proportion, the author shows how it is rooted in a symbolic and sacred horizon rather than a strictly juridical one, and how its success in criminal law has been, in part, unintended. The article reconstructs the three levels of proportionality—legislative, judicial, and executive—highlighting their aporias, tensions, and structural limits, with particular attention to the incommensurability between crime and punishment and to the concrete conditions of detention. The central claim is that proportionality should not be conceived as the alpha of the sanctioning system, but rather as its omega: not an a priori parameter, but an ex post judgment on the reasonableness, humanity, and coherence of the punitive process as a whole. From this perspective, the enforcement phase of sanctions emerges as the privileged space in which proportionality may ultimately be realized, including through the incorporation of restorative and relational approaches capable of restoring meaning to punishment beyond the mere arithmetic of suffering.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.



