In the extracellular matrix (ECM), the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) hyaluronan (HA) has different physiological roles favouring hydration, elasticity and cell survival. Three different isoforms of HA synthases (HAS1, 2, and 3) are responsible for the production of HA. In several pathologies the upregulation of HAS enzymes leads to an abnormal HA accumulation causing cell dedifferentiation, proliferation and migration thus favouring cancer progression, fibrosis and vascular wall thickening. An intriguing new player in HAS2 gene expression regulation and HA production is the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) hyaluronan synthase 2 antisense 1 (HAS2-AS1). A significant part of mammalian genomes corresponds to genes that transcribe lncRNAs; they can regulate gene expression through several mechanisms, being involved not only in maintaining the normal homeostasis of cells and tissues, but also in the onset and progression of different diseases, as demonstrated by the increasing number of studies published through the last decades. HAS2-AS1 is no exception: it can be localized both in the nucleus and in the cytosol, regulating cancer cells as well as vascular smooth muscle cells behaviour.

The role of the multifaceted long non-coding RNAs: A nuclear-cytosolic interplay to regulate hyaluronan metabolism

Parnigoni A.;Caon I.;Moretto P.;Viola M.;Karousou E.;Passi A.;Vigetti D.
2021-01-01

Abstract

In the extracellular matrix (ECM), the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) hyaluronan (HA) has different physiological roles favouring hydration, elasticity and cell survival. Three different isoforms of HA synthases (HAS1, 2, and 3) are responsible for the production of HA. In several pathologies the upregulation of HAS enzymes leads to an abnormal HA accumulation causing cell dedifferentiation, proliferation and migration thus favouring cancer progression, fibrosis and vascular wall thickening. An intriguing new player in HAS2 gene expression regulation and HA production is the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) hyaluronan synthase 2 antisense 1 (HAS2-AS1). A significant part of mammalian genomes corresponds to genes that transcribe lncRNAs; they can regulate gene expression through several mechanisms, being involved not only in maintaining the normal homeostasis of cells and tissues, but also in the onset and progression of different diseases, as demonstrated by the increasing number of studies published through the last decades. HAS2-AS1 is no exception: it can be localized both in the nucleus and in the cytosol, regulating cancer cells as well as vascular smooth muscle cells behaviour.
2021
2021
Atherosclerosis; Cancer; Epigenetics; Extracellular matrix; Glycosaminoglycans; HAS2; HAS2-AS1; Proteoglycans.
Parnigoni, A.; Caon, I.; Moretto, P.; Viola, M.; Karousou, E.; Passi, A.; Vigetti, D.
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
Matrix Plus.pdf

accesso aperto

Tipologia: Versione Editoriale (PDF)
Licenza: Creative commons
Dimensione 1.92 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
1.92 MB Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11383/2124754
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? 4
  • Scopus 13
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? ND
social impact